Phthalate (DEHP) and its metabolites happen to be shown to possess estrogen receptor a (ERa)-agonistic and ERb-antagonistic activities. By contrast, di (n-butyl) phthalate (DBP) and butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP) have ERa-agonistic activities and androgen receptor (AR)-antagonistic activities. DEHP and its metabolites can cause oxidative DNA harm towards the testes by inducing apoptosis in testicular cells.six A number of selective ER modulators induce apoptosis in androgen-responsive prostate cancer cells via an androgen-independent pathway.7 A recent study demonstrated BBP-induced necrosis in human granulosa cells by way of its effects on the aryl hydrocarbonGraduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; 2Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; 3Cancer Center, Kaohsiung Health-related University Hospital, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; 4School of Dentistry, Kaohsiung Healthcare University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; 5Graduate Institute of Clinical Health-related Science, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; 6Institute of Cellular and Technique Medicines, National Well being Research Institutes, Miaoli 35053, Taiwan; 7College of Engineering, Nihon University, Koriyama, Fukushima 963-8642, Japan; 8RIKEN BioResource Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan; 9Department of Molecular Preventive Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-003, Japan; 10Department of Environmental Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA; 11Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Rutgers New Jersey Medical College, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101, USA and 12Saito Laboratory of Cell Technologies, Yaita, Tochigi 329-1571, Japan *Corresponding authors: KK Yokoyama or S Saito, Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Health-related University, one hundred Shih-Chuab 1st Road, San Ming District, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.3-Amino-4-methylpicolinic acid Price Tel: +886 7 312 1101, ext.Formula of 2-Chloro-4-cyclopropylaniline 2729; Fax: +886 7 313 3849; E-mail: kazu@kmu.PMID:24118276 edu.tw or [email protected] 13 These authors contributed equally to this function. Keyword phrases: environmental hormone; nuclear reprogramming; p53; testis cells; toxicity screening Abbreviation: AR, androgen receptor; BBP, butyl benzyl phthalate; DBP, di (n-butyl) phthalate; DEHP, di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate; DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide; EDC, endocrine-disrupting chemical; iPSC, induced pluripotent stem cell; MEF, mouse embryonic fibroblast; MWA, microwestern array; OCT4, octamer-binding transcription element 4; p21Cip1, cycling-dependent kinase inhibitor 1; qPCR, quantitative PCR; RT-PCR, reverse transcription-PCRReceived 14.two.13; revised 09.9.13; accepted 24.9.13; Edited by Y ShiEffect of phthalates on testis cell-derived iPSCs S-W Wang et alreceptor.8 However, the effect of EDCs on apoptosis and necrosis in both ESCs and iPSCs remains unknown. The present study aimed to create a technique for screening drugs that could be employed to treat the developmental ailments and regenerative problems triggered by EDCs, too as to develop therapeutic agents that facilitate the upkeep of stemness and pluripotency. The pluripotent ESC lines generated from domestic animals are valuable for generating genetically modified livestock. The ESC cell lines hold fantastic guarantee for the development of cell or organ therapies and drug screening and for use as human disease models. Many attempts happen to be produced to establish ESCs in.